AC Joint Separation

What Is an AC Joint Separation?

An AC (acromioclavicular) joint separation occurs when the ligaments connecting the collarbone (clavicle) to the shoulder blade (acromion) are stretched or torn. The AC joint is located at the top of the shoulder where the collarbone meets the shoulder blade.

AC joint separations are common injuries, especially among athletes in contact sports. The severity ranges from mild (grade 1) to severe (grade 6), with higher grades involving more ligament damage and potential displacement of the collarbone.

Symptoms and Causes

Symptoms of AC joint separations

Common symptoms include:

• Shoulder pain: Sharp pain at the top of the shoulder
• Swelling: Visible inflammation
• Bruising: Discoloration
• Tenderness: Soreness when pressing on the AC joint
• Visible deformity: Bump or step-off at the top of the shoulder (in severe cases)
• Limited movement: Reduced ability to move the shoulder

AC joint separation causes

AC joint separations typically occur due to:

• Falls: Landing on the shoulder or outstretched arm
• Direct impact: Blow to the top of the shoulder
• Contact sports: Football, rugby, hockey
• Trauma: Motor vehicle accidents
• Previous injury: Incompletely healed AC joint injuries

Risk factors

Risk factors include contact sports, falls, previous shoulder injury, and activities involving impact.

Complications of AC joint separations

If not properly treated, complications can include chronic pain, arthritis, reduced function, and ongoing instability.

Diagnosis and Tests

How you can diagnose AC joint separations

If you experience severe shoulder pain after trauma with visible deformity or significant swelling, seek medical attention. Do not attempt to self-diagnose.

Tests that can help diagnose AC joint separations

Healthcare professionals use physical examination, X-ray (to assess displacement), and stress views if needed.

Management and Treatment

How do you heal an AC joint separation?

Treatment depends on severity:

Grade 1-3 (Mild to Moderate): Conservative treatment with rest, ice, sling, and physical therapy

Grade 4-6 (Severe): May require surgical repair

AC joint separation recovery time

Recovery time varies from 2-12 weeks depending on severity. Most grade 1-3 separations heal with conservative treatment.

What Could Help

Several products can aid recovery:

• Shoulder slings: Shoulder slings for immobilization
• Ice packs: Reusable ice packs for inflammation
• Resistance bands: Resistance bands for rehabilitation

Prevention

How can I prevent an AC joint separation?

Preventive measures include proper technique, protective gear, avoid falls, shoulder strengthening, and address previous injuries.